Sohaib Abdulrahman Taama, and Ahmed Younis Alsabawy. “Building and Testing a Measurement of Information Technology Diffusion Stages: An Exploratory and Confirmatory Study”. Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences, vol. 22, no. 74 part 1, June 2026, pp. 469-95, doi:10.25130/tjaes.22.74.1.22.