Abdulrahman, Mohammed Khalid, and Nizar Rashid Nouri. “The Role of Management by Exception in Crisis Management: An Exploratory Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Employees in the Administrative Technical College and the Administrative Technical Institute in Duhok”. Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences 19, no. 61, 2 (March 31, 2023): 284–310. Accessed July 22, 2026. https://www.tjaes.org/index.php/tjaes/article/view/727.