اولاً. المصادر العربية:

عبد الحفیظ، محبوب (2006، خلق القیمة بین العقلیة الریعیة والعقلیة الاقتصادیة في دول مجلس التعاون، مركز الابحاث، دبي. (

البطاحني، عطا الحسن البطاحني، (2013) إستراتيجيا- نزاعات إقليم البحيرات الكبرى في إفريقيا، آفاق المستقبل.

حايد حميد، البشير عبد الكريم (2018)، دراسة قياسية لعلاقة الصادرات بالنمو الاقتصادي في الجزائر (1966-2015)، مجلة اقتصاديات شمال افريقيا، المجلد 14، العدد 19.

ثانياً. المصادر الأجنبية:

International Development Association, International Finance Corporation (2019), Rwanda Systematic Country Diagnostic, Document of the World Bank, Report No.138100-RW, p 134-157

Government of Rwanda (2000), Vision 2020, Final Report, MINECFIN, p53-67

IMF (2021), Fourth review of the policy coordination instrument and request of an extension of the policy coordination instrument—press release; staff report; and statement by the executive director for Rwanda’ IMF Country Report No. 21/164

World Bank, (2021), Macro poverty outlook. Country-by-country analysis and projections for the developing world’

(https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/bae48ff2fefc5a869546775b3f010735-0500062021/related/mpo-ssa.pdf).

The orld Bank (2011), Rwanda Economic update: Seeds for higher growth. Available at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTRWANDA/Resources/Rwanda_Economic_ Rwanda_Update_Spring_Edition_April_2011.pdf.

EDPRS 1, (2008), Available at: http:// www.edprs.gov.rw/

EDPRS 2, (2013), Available at: http:// www.edprs.gov.rw/

World Bank, (2020), Accelerating Digital Transformation in Rwanda.

Dickey, D. W., (1981), Likelihood ratio Staiatics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica,49(4):1057-72.

MINECOFIN, (2003), Rwanda development Indicators Report. Ministry of Economics and Finance, Kigali, Rwanda.

The World Bank, (2022), Rwanda Economic update: Boosting Exports Through Technology, Innovation and Trade in Services,September 2022 , Edition No.19.

At:https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099115109222239324/pdf/P17745708464b60670939308adebbf72ff2.pdf

Brooks, Elizabeth, (2005), From the frying pan into the fire’: A case study of Rwandan refugees” Journal of international social work:500-510.

U.S. DEPARTMENT of STATE, (2022), 2021 Investment Climate Statements: Rwanda”, at: https://www.state.gov/reports/2021-investment-climate-statements/rwanda/

Koffi, S., (2019), Nonlinear impact of public debt on economic growth: evidence from SubSaharan African Countries, MPRA Paper No 96067.

Dawar, K. and Lipimile, G., (2020), Africa: harmonizing competition policy under the AfCFTA’ Concurrences Review 2. a93472 242-250. ISSN 1773-9578.

Jones, B.D., (2001), Peacemaking in Rwanda: The Dynamics of Failure London, Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc, p13.

MINECOFIN (2017), The Annual Economic Report, Fiscal Year 2015/2016

Ndoricimpa, A., (2020), Threshold effects of public debt on economic growth in Africa: new evidence, Journal of Economics and Development, 22:187-207

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(https://afcfta.au.int/en/documents/2020-12-28/state-parties-ratification-status-list).

NISR, (2020), Statistical Report of Economic Trade. Kigali/Rwanda: National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda.

Onuoha, D. O., Ibe, A., Njoku, C., & Onuoha, J. I., (2015), Analysis of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of Nigeria: 1960 – 2012, West African Journal of Industrial & Academic Research, 14 (1): 81-90.

Gómez-Puig, M. and Sosvilla-Rivero, S., (2015), On the bi-directional causal relationship between public debt and economic growth in EMU countries, Research Institute of Applied Economics, Working Paper, No. 12: 1-32.

World Trade, (2003), Fundamental Economic Factors Affecting International Trade. World Trade Report.

Rusuhuzwa Kigabo Thomas, (2008), Leadership, Policy Making, Quality of Economic Policies, and Their Inclusiveness: The Case of Rwanda, pp 1-2.

DFID, (2008), Source and obstacles to economic growth in Rwanda: An analytical overview, discussion draft for working meeting of 30/31 January 2008, UK Department for International Development

Murenzi, Romain, and M. Hughes, (2006), Building a Prosperous Global Knowledge Economy in Rwanda: Rwanda as a Case Study, International Journal of Technology and Globalization, 2(3-4), pp 254-269.

Mwai, C., (2021), AfCFTA: what is Rwanda’s export-ready products?’ The New Times

(www.newtimes.co.rw/news/afcfta-what-are-rwandas-export-ready-products)

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NBR (2021) Annual report 2020-2021 (www.bnr.rw/news-publications/publications/annual-reports/).

Mmuhammed O. Z., Fatima P. I. & Omade S. I., (2011), Co-integration Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment Inflow and Development in Nigeria”, Developing Country Studies, Vol. 1, No. 1, PP 56-66

Simplice A. Asongu, Voxi H. S. Amavilah & Antonio R. Andres (2019), Business Dynamics, Knowledge-Economy, and the Economic Performance of African Countries, African Governance and Development Institute.