The impact of tourism investment on economic growth in Iraq for the period (2004-2022)
Main Article Content
Abstract
The research aims to analyze the impact of tourism investment on economic growth in Iraq for the period (2004–2022) , with a focus on the relationship between tourism indicators (tourism revenues, spending on the tourism sector, number of tourists, and gross domestic product). The study relies on time series data and stability tests (ADF) to apply the ARDL model in order to measure the short- and long-term relationships. The results revealed a positive short-term relationship between tourism investment and economic growth, reflecting the role of tourism in stimulating economic activity over limited time periods. However, in the long term, the results did not show a significant impact of tourism investment, indicating the weak sustainability of this effect due to factors such as inadequate tourism infrastructure, lack of supporting facilities and services. The study proposes several recommendations, including stimulating short-term growth, diversifying the economy, and developing infrastructure. The research emphasizes that the success of the tourism sector in Iraq depends on addressing structural obstacles in order to transform the temporary impact into a lasting driver of growth.
Downloads
Article Details
References
اولاً. المصادر العربية:
خشيب، جلال، النمو الاقتصادي، 2015.
حواس، امين، نماذج النمو الاقتصادي، جامعة ابن خلدون، المكتبة الوطنية الجزائرية، ط1، 2021.
السلمان، مهند عبد الملك، احمد بن بكر البكر، مفهوم الناتج المحلي الاجمالي، مؤسسة النقد العربي السعودي،2016
الغناي، بحري محمد، إثر سياسة الانفاق العام على النمو الاقتصادي في ليبيا، المجلة المصرية لاقتصاد الزراعي، المجلد (25)، العدد (3)، 2015.
وزارة التخطيط العراقية - الجهاز المركزي للإحصاء
ثانياً. المصادر الاجنبية:
Baum,& Lundtorp, S. )2001(. Seasonality in tourism.Pergamon
Fletcher, J. E. )1989(. Input-output analysis and tourism impact Annals.of Tourism Research, 16)4 )
Goeldner, C. R., & Ritchie, J. R. B. )2012(. Tourism: Principles,.practices, philosophies (12th ed.). Wiley
Hall, C. M. )2006(. Tourism and politics: Global frameworks and local.realities. Channel View Publications
Inskeep, E. )1991(. Tourism planning: An integrated and sustainable.development approach. Van Nostrand Reinhold
OECD. )2020(. OECD tourism trends and policies 2020. OECD. Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/6b47b985-en
.Smith, M. K. )2003(. Issues in cultural tourism studies. Routledge
Krugman, P., & Wells, R. )2022(. Macroeconomics, publications of.the Syrian General Book Authority. Lina Al-Saqr )Trans( Damascus