Measuring and analyzing the impact of GDP and geographical distance on the volume of trade exchange between Iraq and China using (Simple gravity model) for the period (2008-2023)

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Published: Dec 31, 2025

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Keywords:
Iraqi and Chinese GDP, trade volume, geographic distance, simple gravity model.,
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DOI:10.25130/tjaes.21.72.2.18
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Shukr Hassan Mohammad Ali
College of Administration and Economics/Salahaddin University-Erbil
shukreconomist@gmail.com
Sardar Osman Khudhur Badawai
College of Administration and Economics/Salahaddin University-Erbil
sardar.khudhur@su.edu.krd

DOI:https://doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.21.72.2.18

Abstract

The research aims to measure and analyze the impact of gross domestic product (GDP) and geographical distance on the volume of trade between Iraq and China. The research hypothesis is that there is a direct relationship between the Iraqi and Chinese GDP and the volume of trade between the two countries, as well as an inverse relationship between geographical distance and the volume of trade between the two countries.


The research arrived at a number of findings, including:



  1. A direct relationship exists between Iraq’s GDP and the volume of trade between the two countries.

  2. A direct relationship exists between China’s GDP and the volume of trade between the two countries.

  3. An inverse relationship exists between geographical distance and the volume of trade between the two countries.


Based on these findings, the study recommends the following:



  1. Adopt economic and legislative policies that support domestic production and reduce dependence on imports.

  2. Develop a rational import strategy by restricting the import of non-essential consumer goods particularly those produced locally and encouraging the import of intermediate goods, investment goods, and production inputs From China.

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How to Cite
Shukr Hassan Mohammad Ali, & Sardar Osman Khudhur Badawai. (2025). Measuring and analyzing the impact of GDP and geographical distance on the volume of trade exchange between Iraq and China using (Simple gravity model) for the period (2008-2023). Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences, 21(72 part 2), 359–382. https://doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.21.72.2.18
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Vol. 21 No. 72 part 2 (2025): vol.21, no 72 part 2 year 2025
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Articles

References

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