The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behaviours: Evidence from the Iraqi Banking Sector
Article Sidebar
THIS IS AN OPEN ACCESS ARTICLE UNDER THE CC BY LICENSE
Main Article Content
Abstract
Organizational Citizenship Behaviours are voluntary actions that go beyond staff members’ official responsibilities and have a major effect on the effectiveness of the workplace. There is a rather big gap in studies on how employees show citizenship behaviours based on the type of the business they work for. One of the antecedents of Organizational Citizenship Behaviours that is discussed in this paper is Organizational Justice. The aim of this study is to measure and identify the effect of Organizational Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behaviours through the mediating role of Organizational Commitment in private banks. The study involved 171 employees from five commercial and Islamic banks in Iraq. A simple sampling procedure was used to collect data such that all participants were fairly represented. The responses were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the measurement and structural models. Results indicate Organizational Justice has a positive and significant effect on Organizational Citizenship Behaviours and Organizational Commitment. Similarly, Organizational Commitment has a significant effect on Organizational Citizenship Behaviours and mediates the relationship between Organizational Justice and Organizational Citizenship Behaviours in the Iraqi bank sector. The main results provide useful information for bank managers and policymakers, showing how important it is to treat employees fairly and use techniques that enhance commitment to improve satisfactory employee behavior, which in turn improves the performance of the banks' effectiveness.
Downloads
Article Details
References
Alfy, S. El, & David, S. A. (2017). Investigating organisational justice in higher education in UAE. International Journal of Management in Education, 11(2), 163. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMIE.2017.083355
Allen, N. J., & Meyer, J. P. (1990). The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. Journal of Occupational Psychology, 63(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8325.1990.tb00506.x
Batool, S. (2013). Developing Organizational Commitment and Organizational Justice to Amplify Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Banking Sector. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 3(7), 646–655.
Bies, R. J., & Moag, J. S. (1986). Interactional justice: communication criteria of fairness. In Research in negotiations in organizations (pp. 43–55). Greenwich: JAI Press. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb02581.x
Blau, P. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley.
Chen, H., & Jin, Y.-H. (2014). The Effects of Organizational Justice on Organizational Citizenship Behavior in the Chinese Context. Public Personnel Management, 43(3), 301–313. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026014533897
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research (Vol. 295, Issue 2). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
Cohen-Charash, Y., & Spector, P. E. (2001). The role of justice in organizations: A meta-analysis. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 86(2), 278–321. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.2001.2958
Colquitt, J. A., Scott, B. A., Rodell, J. B., Long, D. M., Zapata, C. P., Conlon, D. E., & Wesson, M. J. (2013). Justice at the millennium, a decade later: A meta-analytic test of social exchange and affect-based perspectives. Journal of Applied Psychology, 98(2), 199–236. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0031757
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
Folger, & Greenberg. (1985). Procedural justice: An interpretive analysis of personnel systems. Research in Personnel and Human Resources Management, 3(1).
Ghran, L. A. Z., Jameel, A. S., & Ahmad, A. R. (2019). The effect of organizational justice on job satisfaction among secondary school teachers. International Review, 3(3–4), 82–90. https://doi.org/10.5937/intrev1903082L
Greenberg, J. (1990). Organizational Justice: Yesterday, Today, and Tomorrow. Journal of Management, 16(2), 399–432. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639001600208
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Han, Y., Abdullah, A., & Hwang, K. (2023). Transformational Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior in Egypt: Roles of Organizational Commitment, Public Service Motivation, and Organizational Justice. Journal of Policy Studies, 38(4), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.52372/jps38403
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Imamoglu, S. Z., Ince, H., Turkcan, H., & Atakay, B. (2019). The Effect of Organizational Justice and Organizational Commitment on Knowledge Sharing and Firm Performance. Procedia Computer Science, 158, 899–906. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2019.09.129
J. A.Colquitt. (2001). On the dimensionality of organizational justice: A construct validation of a measure. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(3), 386–399.
Jameel, A. S. (2025). The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment Between Organizational Justice and Job Performance. Globalization and Business, 10(19), 92–112. https://doi.org/10.35945/gb.2025.19.007
Jameel, A. S., Massoudi, A. H., & Ahmad, A. R. (2023). Motivational Elements of Online Knowledge Sharing Among Employees: Evidence from the Banking Sector. In M. Al-Emran, M. A. Al-Sharafi, & K. Shaalan (Eds.), International Conference on Information Systems and Intelligent Applications. ICISIA 2022 (pp. 491–501). Springer,Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16865-9_39
Jang, J., Lee, D. W., & Kwon, G. (2021). An Analysis of the Influence of Organizational Justice on Organizational Commitment. International Journal of Public Administration, 44(2), 146–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2019.1672185
Jehanzeb, K., & Mohanty, J. (2019). The mediating role of organizational commitment between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Review, 49(2), 445–468. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-09-2018-0327
Khattak, S. F., Rehman, S. U., & Rehman, S. U. (2020). The relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship: the mediating effect of organizational commitment and the moderating role of power distance. Human Resource Management International Digest, 28(7), 7–9. https://doi.org/10.1108/HRMID-05-2020-0111
Koning, L. F., & Van Kleef, G. A. (2015). How leaders’ emotional displays shape followers’ organizational citizenship behavior. The Leadership Quarterly, 26(4), 489–501. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.03.001
Massoudi, A. H., Jameel, A. S., & Ahmad, A. R. (2020). Stimulating Organizational Citizenship Behavior by Applying Organizational Commitment and Satisfaction. International Journal of Social Sciences and Economic Review, 02(02), 20–27. https://doi.org/10.36923/ijsser.v2i2.58
Meyer, J. P., & Allen, N. J. (1991). A three-component conceptualization of organizational commitment. Human Resource Management Review, 1(1), 61–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/1053-4822(91)90011-Z
Meyer, J. P., & Herscovitch, L. (2001). Commitment in the workplace: toward a general model. Human Resource Management Review, 11(3), 299–326. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-4822(00)00053-X
Na-Nan, K., Kanthong, S., & Joungtrakul, J. (2021). An Empirical Study on the Model of Self-Efficacy and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Transmitted through Employee Engagement, Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction in the Thai Automobile Parts Manufacturing Industry. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(3), 170. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7030170
Organ, D. (1997). Organizational citizenship behavior_ It_s construct clean-up time. Human Performance. Human Performance, 10(2), 85–97.
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington Books/DC Heath and Com.
Organ, & Ryan. (1995). A meta‐analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48(4), 775–802. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01781.x
Pallant, J. (2016). SPSS survival manual: a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS. In Step by step guide to data analysis using the SPSS program.
Pimentel, D., Serras Pires, J., & Almeida, P. L. (2020). Perceptions of organizational justice and commitment of non-family employees in family and non-family firms. International Journal of Organization Theory & Behavior, 23(2), 141–154. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOTB-07-2019-0082
Podsakoff, N. P., Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & Blume, B. D. (2009). Individual- and organizational-level consequences of organizational citizenship behaviors: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(1), 122–141. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0013079
Ramos, A., Latorre, F., Tomás, I., & Ramos, J. (2022). Women’s Promotion to Management and Unfairness Perceptions—A Challenge to the Social Sustainability of the Organizations and Beyond. Sustainability, 14(2), 788. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14020788
Salam, A. (2020). Organizational justice as a predictor of organizational citizenship behaviour. International Business Education Journal, 13, 29–42.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016). Research methods for business: A skill building approach (Seventh Ed). John Wiley & Sons.
Smith, C. A., Organ, D. W., & Near, J. P. (1983). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature and antecedents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 68(4), 653–663. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.68.4.653
Sofiah Kadar Khan, Mumtaz Ali Memon, Alex Cheing, & Hiram Ting. (2021). Organizational Citizenship Behaviour and the Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment: A Study of Private Universities. International Journal of Business and Society, 22(1), 14–32. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3160.2021
Whitman, D. S., Caleo, S., Carpenter, N. C., Horner, M. T., & Bernerth, J. B. (2012). Fairness at the collective level: A meta-analytic examination of the consequences and boundary conditions of organizational justice climate. Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(4), 776–791. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028021
Yoon, B.-S., Lee, Y., & Lee, H.-J. (2010). The Effects of Justice Perception with Regard to Performance Pay System on Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment: With Focus on the Police Officials’ Perceptions. The Journal of Korean Policy Studies, 10(3), 219–238.
Zeng, L., Feng, F., Jin, M., Xie, W., Li, X., Li, L., Peng, Y., & Wang, J. (2023). Psychological capital and organizational citizenship behavior among nurses during the COVID-19 epidemic: mediation of organizational commitment. BMC Nursing, 22(1), 172. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-023-01332-7