دور القيادة المتعاطفة في نجاح تنفيذ التغيير التنظيمي: دراسة استطلاعية لآراء عينة من مسؤولي الوحدات في عدد من المستشفيات العامة في محافظة دهوك
محتوى المقالة الرئيسي
الملخص
هدفت البحث إلى التحقق من دور القيادة المتعاطفة في نجاح تنفيذ التغيير التنظيمي في المستشفيات العامة في محافظة دهوك. وشملت متغيرات البحث كل من القيادة المتعاطفة بأبعادها الرئيسة الخمسة والمتمثلة ب (التفاعل الشعوري، القدرة الادراكية، والدافع الادراكي، والقدرة الشعورية والدافع الشعوري)، ومتغير نجاح تنفيذ التغيير التنظيمي ببعديه (الالتزام بالتغيير، الفالية للتغيير) استند البحث على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي واعتمد البحث على أسلوب الاستبانة الجاهزة لجمع البيانات عن الجانب الميداني، وشملت العينة (157) مفردة من لتكون عينة للبحث وضمت المديرون ومسؤولي الوحدات الادارية في المستشفيات العامة محافظة دهوك.
تمحور مشكلة البحث في تشخيص امكانية تأثير القيادة المتعاطفة في تحقيق النجاح في تنفيذ التغيير التنظيمي، تم وضع مجموعة من الفرضيات التي تناولت فرضيات علاقات الارتباط والتأثير بين المتغيرات، فضلا عن تصميم انموذج فرضي يعكس تلك العلاقات. واستخدم البحث عدد من الأدوات الإحصائية لتحليل البيانات، منها: تحليل الارتباط، والانحدار البسيط والمتعدد لتحليل التأثير، فضلا عن اختبارات القبلية والبعدية (SPSS V.24).
توصلت البحث إلى عدد من النتائج المهمة، من أبرزها وجود تاثير معنوي موجب للقيادة المتعاطفة في نجاح تنفيذ التغيير التنظيمي فضلا عن معنوية العلاقة بينهما، وإن كل من أبعاد (الدافع الادراكي القدرات الشعورية القدرة الادراكية) تؤثر في نجاح تنفيذ التغيير التنظيمي في المستشفيات العامة في محافظة دهوك، وإن كل من بعدي (تفاعل الشعوري والدافع الشعوري) لم تظهر معنوية تأثيرهما في نجاح تنفيذ التغيير التنظيمي، وخلص البحث بمجموعة من التوصيات، أبرزها ضرورة تعزيز المضامين الادراكية لدى القيادات الادارية قبل البت في اجراء التغييرات في المنظمات بشكل عام والمنظمات الصحية تحديدا، وتم تقديم عدد من مقترحات للدراسات مستقبلية منها التوسع في حجم العلينة لتشمل الاقليم ككل واختبار أنماط أخرى للقيادة في تأثيرها في نجاح تنفيذ التغيير التنظيمي وفي قطاعات أخرى.
التنزيلات
تفاصيل المقالة
المراجع
Apsley, A. T., Lee, S. A., Bhat, A. C. D., Rush, J., Almeida, D. M., Cole, S. W., & Shalev, I. (2023). Affective reactivity to daily stressors and immune cell gene expression in the MIDUS study. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 115, 80–88, https:// doi. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.025
Bąk, D., & Bąk, S. (2024). Change management in healthcare - a scoping literature review. e-mentor, 2(104), 23-33. https:// doi.org/10.15219/em104.1652
Baker, M., & O’Brien, W. (2020). Rethinking outdoor leadership: An investigation of affective abilities in Australian higher education curriculum. Journal of Adventure Education & Outdoor Learning , 20, (1), 1–16,
https:// doi.org/10.1080/14729679.2019.1634598
Barzanji, A. A. (2024). Empathetic leadership and its role in the successful implementation of organizational change in public hospitals in Duhok Governorate (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Duhok, Iraq.
Batchelder. Laurie, Mark Brosnan & Chris Ashwin 1 (2017) The Development and Validation of the Empathy Components Questionnaire (ECQ). Plose one, 12: (1):pp: 1-34, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0169185
Beare, E. C., O’Raghallaigh, P., McAvoy, J., & Hayes, J. (2020). Employees’ emotional reactions to digitally enabled work events. Journal of Decision Systems, vol. 30, issue 2–3, pp. 235–258. https://doi.org/10.1080/12460125.2020.1782085
Bell, A. (2023). How Emotional Reactions to Change Efforts Influence Perceptions of Project Outcomes. Proceedings - Academy of Management. Academy of Management, 100 Summit Lake Drive, Suite 110, Valhalla, NY 10595, USA, https://doi.org/10.5465/amproc.2023.301bp
Berman, P., Azhar, A., & Osborn, E. J. (2019). Towards universal health coverage: governance and organisational change in ministries of health. BMJ Global Health., 4,(5), https://doi.org/10.1136/BMJGH-2019-001735
Bomfim, Rafael Aielo, Eduardo C. and Paulo Frazao,2020, Cross-Cultural Adoptation and Psychometric Properties of Brazilian – Portuguese Version of the Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change Questionnaire, Rev (BRAS) Epidemiol, Scientific Electronic Library Online, 23: E200100 , http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-549720200100
Butler G. Self-efficacy: The exercise of control by Albert Bandura. Br J Clin Psychol 1998; 37(4): 467-473. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1998.tb01404.x
Cuff, B. M. P., Brown, S. J., Taylor, L., & Howat, D. J. (2016). Empathy: A review of the concept. Emotion Review, 8, (2) , 144–153.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1754073914558466
Dawoda.Range M.,(2023), The Role of Diplomatic Leadership in Reinforcing Job involvement: A Field Study among Individuals in Public Hospitals in Duhok Governorate, Zarqa Journal for Research and Studies in Humanities , 2023, Vol 23, Issue 2, p536-556, https://doi.org/10.12816/0061619
De Wied M, van Boxtel A, Zaalberg R, Goudena PP, Matthys W. Facial (EMG) , (2006) ,responses to dynamic emotional facial expressions in boys with disruptive behavior disorders. J Psychiatr Res.; 40,(2): 112–121.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2005.08.003
Doğan, Ö., & Ayduğ, D. (2023). Organizational Change in Educational Organizations. Chapter:3, Copyright © 2024, IGI Global. is prohibited., pp: 51-66, http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3940-8.ch003
Fabrigar, L. R., & Wegener, D. T. (2012). Exploratory factor analysis. Oxford Handbook of Quantitative Methods, 1(2), pp: 45-68.
https:// doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199744578.013.0003
Fei, S. (2017). Cognitive ability indicators and analysis taking into account ordinal causal analysis. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Robots & Intelligent Systems (ICRIS), pp: 1–6. https:// doi.org/10.1109/ICRIS.2017.25
Ferreira, G. R., & Ribeiro, P. R. M. (2019). A importância da afetividade na educação. DOXA: Revista Brasileira de Psicologia e Educação, 21(1), 1–13. https:// doi.org/10.30715/DOXA.V21I1.12003
Field, A. (2013). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS Statistics (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Fuentes, Pizarro, E., Díez Ruiz, F., & Villa Sánchez, A. (2024). Validation of a questionnaire for emotional leadership in educational center managers. ESICulture, 28(1), 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.70082/esiculture.vi.1500
Fuller, L. P. (2023). Empathetic Leadership: Motivating Organizational Citizenship Behavior and Strengthen Leader-Member Exchange Relationships. International Business Research. 16(3), 38–51. https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v16n3p38
George, D., & Mallery, P. (2003). SPSS for Windows Step by Step: A Simple Guide and Reference. 11.0 Update (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon..
Gil, Duarte, K., & Arellano González, A. (2024). Organizational change: elements, implications, and power struggles within the organization. Administration and Organizations, 26 (51), pp: 1-15, https://doi.org/10.24275/ALNI6658
Haiyan, Q., & Walker, A. D. (2014). Leading with empathy. In The role of empathy in leadership, Handbook of ethical educational leadership, pp. 180-200. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203747582
Hein G, Singer ,(2014),T. I feel how you feel but not always: the empathic brain and its modulation. Curr Opin Neurobiol [Internet]. 2008 Apr [cited 2014 Aug 18]; 18(2):153–8. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2008.07.012
Khaw, K.W., Alnoor, A., AL-Abrrow, H. et al.,(2023),Reactions towards organizational change: a systematic literature review. Curr Psychol 42, 19137–19160: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-03070-6
Kock, N., Mayfield, M., Mayfield, J., Sexton, S., & Garza, L. M. D. L. (2019). Empathetic Leadership: How Leader Emotional Support and Understanding Influences Follower Performance, Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, Vol. 26, issue 2, pp. 217–236. https:// DOI:10.1177/1548051818806290
Kouzes, J. M., & Posner, B. Z. (2017). The Leadership Challenge: How to Make Extraordinary Things Happen in Organizations (6th ed.). Jossey-Bass. ISBN 978-1119278962
Krimi, M. (2022). Educational Reform: Change Implementation, Support and Management. The Review of Contemporary Scientific and Academic Studies. Vol. 2 | Issue 4 , ISSN: 2583-1380 ,https: DOI:10.55454/rcsas.2.4.2022.001
Kringelbach, M. L., & Berridge, K. C. (2016). Neuroscience of reward, motivation, and drive. Advances in Motivation Science, 3, 1–29. DOI: 10.1108/S0749-742320160000019020
Krznaric R,(2018),Six habits of highly empathic people,Online version, Paragraph(3), https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/six_habits_
Larousse arousse., (2023). Changement.- Dictionary-, In Le Petit Larousse en ligne. https://www.larousse.fr/dictionnaires/francais/changement/14612
Lauret, M. (2022). Change Management als Auslöser für New Work, Chapter First Online: 08 December, pp 35–49, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-16516-0_3
Lethaus, F., & Kaul, R. (2021). Cognitive factor forming an individual constituent in a driver model inferred from multiplicatory relationships between cognitive sub-factors. arXiv: Neurons and Cognition. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2108.06397
Ma G, Wu W, Liu C, Ji J and Gao X (2024). Empathetic leadership and employees’ innovative behavior: examining the roles of career adaptability and uncertainty avoidance. Front. Psychol.,Volume 15 , pp. 1-15,
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1371936
Mazur, A. (2022). Cognitive Diagnostic Testing.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781138609877-ree198-1.
Mazzocato P, Storkholm MH, Tessma MK, Savage C.,(2018), Assessing the reliability and validity of the Danish version of Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change,Implementant, ;13(1):78., DOI:10.1186/s13012-018-0769-y
Meyer JP, Stanley DJ, Herscovitch L, Topolnytsky L. Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: A meta-analysis of antecedents, correlates, and consequences. J Vocat Behav 2002; 61(1): 20-52.
http://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842
Nilsen, P., Seing, I., Ericsson, C. et al. Characteristics of successful changes in health care organizations: an interview study with physicians, registered nurses and assistant nurses. BMC Health Serv Res 20, 147 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-4999-8
O’Neill, H. (2002). Cognitive — Cognitive what? British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 65(6), 307–308. https://doi.org/10.1177/030802260206500607
Orlando V. (2023) Organizational Change Success: A brief analysis of some Romanian endeavours, Journal of Management and Quality 02(02), Pp:21-29
https://doi.org/10.57263/jmq.02.02.20233
Oxford University Press. (2024). Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Retrieved from https://www.oed.com/
Peng, J., Li, M., Wang, Z., & Lin, Y. (2021). Transformational leadership and employees' reactions to organizational change: Evidence from a meta analysis. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 57(4), 421–446. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886320920366
Ruest, M., Léonard, G., Thomas, A. et al., (2019), French cross-cultural adaptation of the Organizational Readiness for Implementing Change (ORIC). BMC Health Serv Res 19, 535. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-019-4361-1
Ratka, Anna and Pharm, D (2018). Empathy and the Development of Affective Skills, American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 82 (10), pp. 1140-1143. , DOI: 10.5688/ajpe7192
Ruben, B. D., & Gigliotti, R. A., (2016). Leadership as social influence: An expanded view of leadership communication theory and practice. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 23(4), 467-479. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051816641876
Sapiro, A. (2024). Change and Project Management. In: Strategic Management. Classroom Companion: Business. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55669-2_9
Selçuk, E. (2024). My partner really gets me: Affective reactivity to partner stress predicts greater relationship quality in new couples. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 126(3), 475–484.. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000509
Semenenko ,Olena.(2019),The Role Of Organizational Culture in implementing change, visnyk Uni. “Ukraina” «Economics, Management, Marketing, ISSN:2707-4110 DOI:10.36994/2707-4110-2019-3-24-03
Shea, C.M., Jacobs, S.R., Esserman, D.A., (2014), Organizational readiness for implementing change: a psychometric assessment of a new measure. Implementation Sci 9, 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-9-7
Skinner, C., & Spurgeon, P. (2005). Valuing empathy and emotional intelligence in health leadership: A study of empathy, leadership behaviour and outcome effectiveness. Health Services Management Research, 18(1), 1–12.,
https://doi.org/10.1258/0951484053051924
Stolorow, R. D. (2002). From drive to affectivity: Contextualizing psychological life. Psychoanalytic Inquiry, 22(3), 393–414. https://doi.org/10.1080/07351692209349012
Wahyuni, S. (2023). Implementasi Strategi Manajemen Perubahan, Al-DYAS, CC BY-NC-SA 4.0, No: 2, Issue: (2),Pp:459-466, https://doi.org/10.58578/aldyas.v2i2.1282
Weiner BJ, Amick H & Lee SYD, (2008), Conceptualization and measurement of organizational readiness for change - A review of the literature in health services research and other fields. Med Car Res Rev, 65(4): 379-436.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1077558708317802
Weiner BJ., 2009, A theory of organizational readiness for change. Implement Sci; 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-4-67
Westover, J. H. (2024). Building the Compassionate Culture: How Empathetic Leadership Breeds Engagement and Performance. Human Capital Leadership Review, 12(3),eISSN 2693-9452 (online), https://doi.org/10.70175/hclreview.2020.12.3.10
Wibowo, Amin and Paramita, Widya, (2022). Resilience and Turnover Intention: The Role of Mindful Leadership, Empathetic Leadership, and Self-Regulation, Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, vol. 29, issue 3, pp. 325–341. https://doi.org/10.1177/15480518211068735.
Wu, M. et al. (2016). Educational measurement for applied researchers. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore Ltd., https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-3302-5
Yazıcı, Ayse. M. (2024). The Best Change Models for Asian Business and Management. Springer Publication, Pp:19-37. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9371-0_2
Zhang, J. (2025). Cognition of Organizational Change and Employee Innovation: Mediating and Moderating Mechanisms in China’s Business Service Industry, Journal of Scientific Reports, 8(1), 118-131, ISSN: IJSB: 2520-4750 (Online), 2521-3040, https://doi.org/10.59319/arete.v2i1.824
Foulkrod, Marianna & Phylis L. Lin (2024). Global leadership adaptability through servant leadership and cultural humility: A conceptual framework. Αρετή (Arete) Journal of Excellence in Global Leadership, 2(1), 76–95. https://doi.org/10.59319/arete.v2i1.824