اولاً. المصادر العربية:

تودارو، ميشيل، (2009) التنمية الاقتصادية، تعريب أ.د. محمود حسن حسني و د. محمود حامد محمود، دار المريخ، المملكة العربية السعودية.

الفهداوي، شيخ راضي، (2000)، التنمية الاقتصادية، دار الكتب والوثائق، بغداد، العراق

فياض، هاشم، (2022)، نمو سكان المناطق الحضرية في العراق واثاره الاجتماعية والاقتصادية، مجلة عمران، معهد الدوحة للدراسات العليا، العدد 41.

ثانياً. المصادر الأجنبية:

Abdulmalik A, Kanori E, Marei R, Taylor G., (2022), The Beauty of Slums, Civil Engineering and Architecture 10(3A) pp.126-131.

file:///C:/Users/Dell/Downloads/CEAA16-14892081.pdf

Aikaeli J, Mtui J, and Trap F., (2021), Rural-Urban Migration, Urbanization and Unemployment: The Case of Tanzania Mainland, African Journal of Economic Review, Volume IX, Issue I, pp. 87-108.

file:///C:/Users/Dell/Downloads/201729-Article%20Text-505511-1-10-20201121.pdf

Attah A., (2015), Urbanization Problem and the Challenge of Youth Unemployment in Urban Centers in Nigeria, Journal of Economics and Development Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 77-88

Chen M., (2023), Urbanization and vulnerable employment: Empirical evidence from 163 countries in 1991–2019, Cities 135 (2023)

Chinecherem U, Paul I, and Ezenekwe U., (2015), Sustainable Development in Nigeria and The Problem of Urbanization and Urban Unemployment, Australian Journal of Business and Management Research, Vol.4 No.10, pp. 1-7.

ERCOLANI M. and Z. WEI, (2010), An Empirical Analysis of The Lewis-Ranis-Fei Theory of Dualistic Economic Development for China.

https://www.birmingham.ac.uk/Documents/college-social-sciences/business/economics/2010-papers/economics-papers-2010/10-06.pdf

Galor, O. & D. Weil, (1999), From Malthosian Stagnation to Modern Growth, A. E. R., Vol. 89, No. 2, PP. 150-154.

Gollin D., (2014), The Lewis Model: A 60-Year Retrospective, Journal of Economic Perspectives, Volume 28, Number 3, pp. 71–88

Grant U., (2012), Urbanization and the Employment Opportunities of Youth in Developing Countries, Background paper prepared for the Education for All Global Monitoring Report, pp.1-37. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000217879

Hall P., (1997), Unemployment and urban development in Gauteng, Development Southern Africa Vol 14, No3 pp 395-411.

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/03768359708439973

Karmakar J., (2015), Growth of Urban Population and Urban Unemployment Scenario: Case of west Bengal, Global Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, Volume-4, Issue-7, pp. 81-87.

Kremer, M., (1993), Population Growth and Technology Change: One Million B. C. to 1990, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 108, No. 3, PP. 681-716.

Liu S., (2023), Impact of Urbanization and Resettlement on Employment of Rural Inhabitants in China, Mountain Research and Development, 24(3), pp.228-233. file:///C:/Users/Dell/Downloads/0276-4741_2004_024_0228_IOUARO_2.0.CO_2.pdf

Lyu H, Dong Z, Roobavannan M, Kandasamy J, and Pande S. (2019) Rural unemployment pushes migrants to urban areas in Jiangsu Province, China, PALGRAVE Communications, 5:92, pp. 1-12. file:///C:/Users/Dell/Downloads/s41599-019-0302-1.pdf

Mohapatra K., (2012), Women Workers in Informal Sector in India: Understanding the Occupational Vulnerability, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, Vol. 2 No. 21, pp. 197-207.

https://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_21_November_2012/23.pdf

Onyebuchi E, Osinachi O, Peter A, Edger N., (2022), Econometric Evaluation of Urbanization, Unemployment and Incidence of Poverty Paradox in Nigeria: an Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model Estimation Approach, SSRN, pp. 1-17. file:///C:/Users/Dell/Downloads/SSRN-id4210539.pdf

Thulare, M., Moyo I, and Xulu S. (2021) Systematic Review of Informal Urban Economies. Sustainability, 13, 11414, pp.1-18.

file:///C:/Users/Dell/Downloads/sustainability-13-11414-v2.pdf

Todaro M., (1997), Urbanization, unemployment and migration in Africa: Theory and policy, https://knowledgecommons.popcouncil.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1247&context=departments_sbsr-pgy

World Bank, (2022), World Development Indicators.