Main Article Content

Zahraa Abdel-Jabbar Majid zahraa.20bap310@student.uomosul.edu.iq
Bashar Ahmed AL. Iraqi Bashar_a92@yahoo.com


Abstract

The research aims to identify the capital asset pricing model (CAPM), expressed in the one-factor model represented by the beta coefficient. Which is concerned with systemic risks, and which has a distinguished position in the stock market. As it is one of the analysis tools that take the relationship between return and risk in securities into consideration, and although among the criticisms directed at him is that the model enjoys ease, simplicity and speed. These features have kept the model in use today and in wide fields by most economists and financiers. In addition, the developed models for the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) will be presented. 

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
Majid, Z. A.-J., & AL. Iraqi, B. A. (2023). The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Theoretical Frameworks and Empirical Evidence. Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences, 18(60, 1), 457–471. https://doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.18.60.1.26
Section
Articles

References

Chan, Louis K C & Lakonishok, Josef, 1993, Are the reports of beta's death premature?" Journal of Portfolio Management; summer, 19, 4; ABI, Inform Global. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3905/jpm.1993.51

Firozjaee, Majid Rahmani & Jelodar Zeinab Salmani, 2010, Tests of The Fama & French Three Factor Model in Iran, Iranian Economic Review, Vol.15, No.27, Isfahan University, https://ier.ut.ac.ir /article32 709_770c6125cd31344f61d315ace1cd036e.

Abdou Rabab Khamis Mahmoud,2019, Determinants of Stock Prices in the Egyptian Stock Market: Traditional Asset Pricing Models versus Behavioural Asset Pricing Models. PhD thesis, Faculty of Business & Law, University of the West of England, UK.

Haruna Glory Ojone, 2017, CAPM: Theoretical formulation, Empirical evidence & Interpretation. Master's thesis published, Masaryk University.

Limkriangkrai Manapon, 2015, An Empirical Analysis of Asset Pricing Models in Australia, Published PhD thesis, Auckland University of Technology. Mohsin Sadaqat,2018, Asset pricing anomalies: the role of liquidity, volatility, & investor sentiment - evidence from Pakistan stock exchange (PSX), Published PhD thesis, Sciences & Technology University.

Raza Hassan,2019, Cost of equity dynamics: a comparison across emerging & developed markets, published PhD thesis, Sciences & Technology University.

Halov, Nikolay & Heider Florian,2011,Capital Structure, Risk & Asymmetric Information, the Quarterly Journal of Finance, Vol.1, No.4,767-809, doi.org/10.1142/S2010139211000171. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1142/S2010139211000171

Lee Stefan Colza & Junior William Eid,2018, Portfolio construction & risk management: theory versus practice, RAUSP Management Journal, Vol. 53, No. 3, 345-365, doi 10.1108/ RAUSP-04-2018-009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-04-2018-009

Chau Wan Li, Yue Wu & Ojiako U.,2012, Using portfolio optimization models to enhance decision making & prediction, Journal of Modelling in Management, Vol.9, No.1,36- 57. doi:10.1108/JM2-11-2011-0057. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/JM2-11-2011-0057

Jorda Oscar, Knoll Katharina, Kuvshinov Dmitry, Schularick Moritz, & Taylor Alan M.,2019, The Rate of Return on Everything, 1870–2015, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.134, No.3,1225–1298. doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/qje/qjz012

Gale William G. & Orszag Peter R.,2019, Budget Deficits, National Saving, & Interest Rates, Journal Article, Vol. 2004, No, 2,101-187. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3805107. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/eca.2005.0007

Gambrah Priscilla, Serwaa Nkyira & Traian Adrian Pirvu, 2014, Risk measures & portfolio optimization, Journal of Risk & Financial Management, Vol.7, No.3, 113–129. doi.org/10.3390/jrfm. 7030113. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm7030113

Chen Jiaqin & Yuan Ming, 2017, Efficient Portfolio Selection in A Large Market, Journal of Financial Econometrics, Vol.14, No.3, 496–524. doi.org/10.1093/jjfinec/nbw003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jjfinec/nbw003

Bergmann Daniel Reed, Savoia Jose Roberto Ferreira, Angelo Claudio Felisoni de, Contani Eduardo Augusto do Rosário & Silva Fabiana Lopes da, 2018, Portfolio management with tail dependence, Journal of Empirical Finance, Vol. 50, No.51, 5510–5520. doi:10. 1080/00036846.2018.1487000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2018.1487000

Delpini Danilo, Battiston Stefano, Caldarelli Guido & Riccaboni Massimo, 2019, Systemic risk from investment similarities, Journal of Empirical Finance, Vol.14, No.5,1-15.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone. 0217141. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0217141

Mollik Abu T. & Bepari M. Khokan, 2015, Risk-Return Trade-off in Emerging Markets: Evidence from Dhaka Stock Exchange Bangladesh. Australasian Accounting, Business & Finance Journal. Vol. 9, No.1, 7l-88. doi.org/10.14453/aabfj. v9i1.6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v9i1.6

Grundl Helmut, Jens Gal & Dong MingIvy,2016, The evolution of insurer portfolio investment strategies for long-term investing, OECD Journal: Financial Market Trends, Vol.2016, No.1,1-55. doi.org/10. 1787/19952872. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1787/fmt-2016-5jln3rh7qf46

Picasso Andrea, Merello Simone, Ma Yukun, Oneto Luca & Cambria Erik,2019, Technical analysis & sentiment embeddings for market trend prediction. Expert Systems with Applications, Vol.135, No.30, 60–70. doi: 10.1016/j.eswa.2019.06.014. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2019.06.014

Diaz Raymundo, SolaresEfrain, de-León-Gómez Victor & Salas Francisco G.,2022, Stock Portfolio Management in the Presence of Downtrends Using Computational Intelligence. Applied Sciences, Vol.12, No.4067, 1-20.doi.org/10.3390/app12084067. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/app12084067

Salehi Mahdi & Alkhyyoon Hussein,2020, The relationship between managerial entrenchment, social responsibility, & firm’s risk-taking & shareholders’ activity, Social Responsibility Journal ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print), 1-25.doi:10.1108/SRJ-10-2019-0339.doi.org /1 0.24148/wp2017-25.

Hasanah Shofia Mauizotun & Maspupah Ima.2017. Shariah Compliant Asset Pricing Model (SCAPM) The Formula of Risk & Return Modification in Islamic Finance. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, Vol.2, No.2, 177-187. doi.org/ 10.3390/app12084067 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21093/at.v2i2.686

Latunde Tolulope, Akinola Lukman Shina & Dare Damilola Deborah.2020. Analysis of capital asset pricing model on Deutsche bank energy commodity. Journal in Green Finance, Vol.2, No.1,20–34. doi.org/ 10.3390/app12084067. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3934/GF.2020002

Pastpipatkul Pathairat, Maneejuk Paravee & Sriboonchitta Songsak ,2017, Markov switching regression with interval data: application to financial risk via CAPM. Journal of Computational & Theoretical Nanoscience. Vol. 23, No.11.10794–10798. doi: 10.1016/j.econmod. 2019.09.016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2017.10155

Phadkantha Rungrapee, Yamaka Woraphon & Tansuchat Roengchai, 2018. Analysis of risk, rate of return & dependency of REITs in ASIA with capital asset pricing model. International conference of the Thail& econometrics society. 536–548. doi.org/10.24148/wp2017-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70942-0_38

Sharpe & William F.,1964. Capital asset prices: A theory of market equilibrium under conditions of risk. Journal of Finance, Vol.19, No.3, 425-442. doi:10.1016/j.econmod. 2019.09.016.

Elbannan, Mona. 2015. The Capital Asset Pricing Model: An Overview of the Theory. International Journal of Economics & Finance, Vol.7, No.1, 216-228. doi:10.1002/ 9781119424444. ch19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v7n1p216

Chen Ming-Hsiang, 2003, Risk & return: CAPM & CCAPM. The Quarterly Review of Economics & Finance. 43. 369–393. doi:10.110 8/IJOEM-01-2020-0110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1062-9769(02)00125-4

Alshomaly, Ibrahim & Masa'deh Ra'Ed.2018. The Capital Asset Pricing Model & Arbitrage Pricing Theory: Properties & Applications in Jordan. Model Applied Science. Vol.12, No.11.330-337. doi.org/ 10.24148/wp2017-25. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5539/mas.v12n11p330

Yezhou Sha & Gao Ran,2019, Which is the best: A comparison of asset pricing factor models in Chinese mutual fund industry, Economic Modelling,Vol.83, No.3, 8-16. doi:10.1016/j.econmod. 2019.09.016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2019.09.016

Shaheen, Sadia & Malik, Qaisar Ali, 2012, The Impact of Capital Intensity, Size of Firm & Profitability on Debt Financing in Textile Industry of Pakistan, Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, Vol.,3, No.,10.1061-1066.

31.Gonzalez-Sánchez Mariano, 2021, Term Structure of Risk Factor Premiums Used for Pricing Asset: Emerging vs. Developed Markets, Emerging Markets Finance & Trade, Vol., 58, No., 5, 1339-1358. doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2021.1873128. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2021.1873128

Tobin, James, 1958, Liquidity Preference as Behavior Towards Risk, Review of Economic Studies, Vol.25, No.2,65–86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2296205

Sharpe, William F.,1964. Capital Asset Prices: A Theory of Market Equilibrium Under Conditions of Risk, Journal of Finance, Vol.19, No.3, 425-442 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1964.tb02865.x

32.Matthias, Hanauer X. & Lauterbach Jochim G.,2019, The cross-section of emerging market stock returns, Emerging Markets Review,Vol.,38, No.1,265-286. doi: 10.1016/j.ememar.2018.11.009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ememar.2018.11.009

33.Yang, Quan, Li, Liuling, Zhu, Qingyu, & Mizrach, Bruce. 2017. Analysis of US Sector of Services with a New Fama & French 5-Factor Model. Applied Mathematics, Vol.,8 No.,9, 1307-1319. doi:10.4236 /am.2017.89096. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/am.2017.89096

Engle Robert F.,2016, Dynamic Conditional Beta, Journal of Financial Econometrics, Vol.14, No.4, 643-667. doi.org/10.1093 /jjfinec/nbw006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jjfinec/nbw006

Blanco Belen, 2012, The use of CAPM & Fama & French Three Factor Model: portfolios selection, Journal of Public & MunicipalFinance, Vol.1, No.2.61-70. https://www.businessperspectives.org/images/pdf/applications/publishing/templates/article/assets/4288/pmf_2012_02_Blanco.pdf

Yesuf Abdurahman J. & Aassouli Dalal,2020. Exploring synergies & performance evaluation between Islamic funds & socially responsible investment (SRIs) in light of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Heliyon,Vol.6,No8,1-17.doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e0 4562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04562

Rizwanullah Muhammad , Liang Lizhi, Yu Xiuyuan & Zhou Jinan, 2020, Exploring the Cointegration Relation among Top Eight Asian Stock Markets, Open Journal of Business & Management,Vol.8, No.3,1076-1088. doi:10.4236/ojbm.2020.83068. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4236/ojbm.2020.83068

Bahraini Syintia, Endri Santoso Sugeng, Hartati4leni & Pramudena Sri Marti, 2021, Determinants of Firm Value: A Case Study of The Food & Beverage Sector of Indonesia, Journal of Asian Finance, Economics & Business, Vol.8, No.6, 839-847.doi: 10.13106/Jafeb.2021.Vol8.No6.0839.

Reilly, Frank K. & Brown Keith C., 2012, Analysis of Investment & Management of Portfolios, 10th ed., International Edition, Canada: Southwestern.

Sharpe, W. Mutual Fund Performance J. Bus. 1966, 9, 119-138. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/294846

Brigham Eugene. & Houston, joel F.,2015, Fundamentals of Financial Management, South-Western Cengage Learning.

Philips Christonpher B. Walker David J. & Kinniry Francis M., 2012, Dynamic correlations: The implications for Portfolio construction,Vanguard research-Vanguard.com.

Garrett Stephen J.,2013, An Introduction to the Mathematics of Finance A Deterministic Approach, 2nd.ed, Butterworth-Heinemann.

Huang Jinqiao, Tong Jianwen, Wang Peini & Zheng Xilin,2022, Application & Comparison of NPV & IRR Methods in the Company Investment Decision, Advances in Economics, Business & Management Research,Vol.648,71-78. doi.org/10.2991/ aebmr.k.220307.012

Zhang Tianyang & Lence Sergio H., 2022, Liquidity & asset pricing: Evidence from the Chinese stock markets, The North American Journal of Economics & Finance, Vol.59, January 2022, 101-557, doi.org/10.1016/ j.najef. 2021.101557. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2021.101557

Adam Zaremba, Andreas Karathanasopoulos, Alina Maydybura, Anna Czapkiewicz & Noushin Bagheri,2018, Dissecting anomalies in Islamic stocks: Integrated or segmented pricing? Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Vol.6, No.2, 1-21. doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2018. 05.006.

Shaikh Salman Ahmed, Ismail Mohd Adib, Ismail Abdul Ghafar, Shahimi Shahida & Shafiai Muhammad Hakimi Mohd,2019, Cross Section of Stock Returns on Shari’ah-Compliant Stocks: Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Islamic & Middle Eastern Finance & Management,Vol.12,No.2,282-302.doi.org/10.1108/ IMEFM04-2017-0100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-04-2017-0100

Oseni Ezekiel & Olanrewaju Razak Olawale,2017, A Capital Asset Pricing Model’s (CAPM’s) Beta Estimation in the Presence of Normality & Non-normality Assumptions, International Journal of Finance & Banking Research, Vol.3, No.3,44-52. doi:10.11648 /j.ijfbr.20170303.12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijfbr.20170303.12

Swati Nagpal,2013, Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM), Elixir International Journal, Vol.58, 14982-14984.doi: 10.1016/j.econmod.20 19.09.016.

Markowitz, Harry. 1952, Portfolio Selection, The Journal of Finance, Vol.7, No.1, 77-91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1952.tb01525.x

Markowitz, Harry, 1959, Portfolio Selection: Efficient Diversification of Investments, Cowles Foundation Monograph No. 16. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Ayub Usman, Kausar Samaila , Noreen Umara, Zakaria Muhammad & Jadoon Imran Abbas,2020, Downside Risk-Based Six-Factor Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM): A New Paradigm in Asset Pricing, Journals Sustainability, Vol.12, No.17,1-16. doi.org/10.3390 /su12176756. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12176756

Erzurumlu Yaman O., Yildiz Mehmet Emin & Kurtulus Bora, 2020, Comparative Analyses of Mean-Variance & Mean-Semivariance Approaches on Global & Local Single Factor Market Model for Developed & Emerging Markets, International Journal of Emerging Markets ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print),1-26.doi:10.1108/IJOEM-01-2020-0110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-01-2020-0110